Parasitic protozoa are, in general, small, have short generation times, high rates of reproduction and a tendency to induce immunity to reinfection in those hosts that survive. Structurally a protozoan is equivalent to a single eukaryotic cell. Among the unique features in protozoa are the mega- and micronucleus found in Ciliates and the kinetoplast , a DNA containing structure in the mitochondrion of kinetoplastid flagellates. Parasitic protozoa are in no way simple or degenerate and adaptations to parasitism frequently include complex life cycles and specialized ways of entering and maintaining themselves in their hosts.

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